The use of electronic earpieces by players on the pitch has been banned, the International Hockey Federation announced on Saturday.

Earpieces were first used by the Dutch women's team during the World Cup in Australia last November, when the coach communicated with his players.

The IHF has since conducted a survey which has shown that the majority of players and coaches are against the use of earpieces.

The federation has, however, decided to make use of two-way radio links between the two umpires at all major international tournaments.

That follows experimental trials this year at events including the Champions Trophy.

"Although there are frequently language issues to contend with between the two umpires, we have found that the umpires benefit from the immediate input of their colleague," said IHF umpiring committee member Annabel Dillon.

The changing of sticks by players following the award of penalty-corners and penalty strokes will be also banned from January 1, 2004.